Lesson 12


In order for Recipe 15 to kick in, the subject on the left needs to be different from the subject on the right. If you look at all the above sentences, you’ll see that this is true.
To say, I hope that I have done it , we’d say, Espero que lo he hecho.
Me alegro de que tú estés aquí. I’m happy that you’re here.
Espero que todo vaya bien con usted , which means I hope everything is going well with you
a start-up phrase introduces an unknown entity (person or object), this will trigger the subjunctive after the bridge.
emotion/doubt/unknown stuff will trigger the subjunctive.
emotion, doubt, unknown, bossy bridge and different subjects across the bridge

Chapter 1Espero que todo vaya bien con usted , which means I hope everything is going well with you
Bossy Bridges
antes que
después que
para que
tan pronto como
así que
hasta que
con tal que
a menos que
aunque
cuando
It’s not raining
Otra vez el mismo ruido. ¿No oyes?
Te DIJE antes . . . No lo oigo.
I want you to speak Spanish.
I’m looking for a house that my cousin can buy.
emotion/doubt start-up phrases
Estoy contento que . . .
Me alegro de que . . .
Quiero que . . .
Me disgusto que . . .
Siento que . . .
Espero que . . .
Dudo que . . .
I’m happy that you can go.
I’m happy that she’s coming.
I want you to learn English.
I hate that he’s not coming.
I’m sorry she’s not here.
I hope that we can come.
I doubt they speak German.
She doubts that he’ll be here.
We want them to come.
I hope you can come.
I hope you’re feeling well.
Me alegro de que ellos viajen por Sudamérica.
Me alegro de que tú estés aquí.
No creo que ellas vengan esta noche.
Ella duda que vivan en México.
Siento que usted haya estado enfermo.
-I doubt that such a thing has happened.
-We don’t think Robert has studied his Spanish.
-I hope that we have done it.
I hope everything is going well with you

Chapter 2 :

Subjunctive
emotional/doubtful/unknown Startup phrase + que + change in subject
Bossy bridge + change in subject + unknown action
Espero que todo vaya bien con usted.
No puedo comprar nada hasta que llegue mi esposa con todo el dinero.

Is there a man that can help me?
I’m looking for a hotel which isn’t expensive.
I’m sorry that it has occurred.
I know a hotel that is cheap.
I’m looking for a hotel that is cheap

No matter what the start-up phrase, The Bossy Bridge Phrase can trigger verbs like hable and viva .

Is there a man that can help me?
I’m looking for a hotel which isn’t expensive.
I’m sorry that it has occurred.
I know a hotel that is cheap.
I’m looking for a hotel that is cheap
No matter what the start-up phrase, The Bossy Bridge Phrase can trigger verbs like hable and viva .
Hablaremos después que venga Ignacio.
Prefiero ir antes que lleguen.
We’ll enter as soon as the doors are opened.
I’m learning Spanish so that my aunt understands me.
Te quiero con tal que firmes un acuerdo pre-nupcial.
I’m not buying it unless you give me this one.
Hablaré con ella tan pronto como llegue.
I’m going to be here until he pays me.
La veré cuando llegue.
We prefer this hotel even if it’s cheap.
Iré tan pronto como sea posible.
I’ll talk to Marta as soon as possible.
Me gustaría verte tan pronto como sea posible.
Lo haré con tal que vaya con nosotros.
Espero que vayamos.
Me quedo aunque te vayas.

Chapter 3

Let’s see if you can extract a pattern in looking at the past subjunctive. Notice that all final -er and –ir verbs end in a final –era . Interesting that ser and ir share the same past, FUERA . All final –ar verbs end in a final –ara , except for the last one on the list, ESTUVIERA .
Three very important past subjunctives are TUVIERA ( had ), FUERA ( went ), and FUERA ( were )

Quiero que usted haga el trabajo.
I doubt that he lives in Mexico.
I’m looking for a house my cousin can buy.
Estaré aquí hasta que venga mi esposa.
VerbPresentPast
HacerhagaHICIERA
TenertengaTUVIERA
ComercomaCOMIERA
PoderpuedaPUDIERA
LeerleaLEYERA
SabersepaSUPIERA
VerveaVIERA
HaberhayaHUBIERA
SerseaFUERA
VenirvengaVINIERA
VivirvivaVIVIERA
HablarhableHABLARA
EstudiarestudieESTUDIARA
LlegarllegueLLEGARA
TrabajartrabajeTRABAJARA
EstarestéESTUVIERA
QUERÍA que usted HICIERA el trabajo.
I used to doubt that he lived in Mexico.
BUSCABA una casa que mi prima PUDIERA comprar.
I was here until my wife came.
I wanted you to have the money.
I want you to go with us because there’s a party.
I wanted you to go with us because there was a party.
I’m glad that you’re studying English.
I was glad that you were studying English.
We’re sorry that you have to go.
We were sorry that you had to go.
Quiero que trabajes aquí hoy.
-I want you to finish the work today.
No quiero que te vayas.
-I want you to stay here.
Siento que no te sientas bien.
I’m sorry that you’re sick.
-I hope you feel better.
Chapter 4When saying como si ( as if ), use the past subjunctive after it. If you’re like me, you enjoy peppering English conversations with an occasional Spanish phrase. Here’s one I’ve used from time to time: como si TUVIERA el dinero . It means, as if I had the money.
You speak as if I were crazy.
They were acting as if I already had the money.
HABLÓ como si TUVIERA su bolsa.
They ate as if they hadn’t eaten for years.
He spends money as if he were rich.
She was walking as if she were sick.
We travel as if we have lots of money.
Si la película FUERA buena . . .
Si TUVIERAS el dinero . . .
If I read more . . .
If my husband were here . . .
If I were you, I’d like to see all the cathedrals.
If he were to offer me the job, I would take it.
If he spoke English, I would understand him.
If she could do it, I would be happy.
If we had gone, I wouldn’t be here now.
Quiero que hable español. =
Ella duda que viva en México. =
Busco una casa que mi prima pueda comprar. =
Estaré aquí hasta que venga mi esposa. =
QUERÍA que TUVIERAS el dinero. =
Recuerdo a Juan como si FUERA ayer. =
Si ESTUDIARA, hablaría mejor en español. =